Schr\"odinger operatorSchrodingerOperator2003-10-15 01:29:092008-08-18 04:47:25DefinitionHamiltonian operatorquantum system dynamics and eigenvaluesHamiltonian operatorSchr\"odinger equationSchr\"odinger formulation%fancy typeface/symbols
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\newcommand{\Rset}{\mathbb{R}}Let $V\colon \Rset^n \to \Rset$ be a real-valued function.
The \emph{Schr\"odinger operator} \textbf{H} on the Hilbert space $L^2(\Rset^n)$ is given by the action
\[
\psi \mapsto -\nabla^2\psi+V(x)\psi, \quad\psi\in L^2(\Rset^n).
\]
This can be obviously re-written as:
\[
\psi \mapsto [-\nabla^2 +V(x)]\psi, \quad\psi\in L^2(\Rset^n),
\] where $[-\nabla^2 +V(x)]$ is the {\em Schr\"odinger} operator, which is now
called the \PMlinkname{Hamiltonian operator}{HamiltonianOperatorOfAQuantumSystem}, \textbf{H}.
For stationary quantum systems such as electrons in `stable' atoms the {\em Schr\"odinger equation}
takes the very simple form :
\[
\textbf{H} \psi=E \psi
\] , where $E$ stands for energy eigenvalues of the stationary quantum states. Thus, in quantum mechanics of systems with finite degrees of freedom that are `stationary', the Schr\"odinger operator is used to calculate the (time-independent) energy states of a quantum system with potential energy $V(x)$. Schr\"odinger called this operator the \PMlinkname{`Hamilton' operator}{HamiltonianOperatorOfAQuantumSystem}, or the
\PMlinkname{Hamiltonian}{HamiltonianOperatorOfAQuantumSystem}, and the latter name is currently used in almost all of quantum physics publications, etc. The eigenvalues give the energy levels, and the wavefunctions are given by the eigenfunctions.
In the more general, non-stationary, or `dynamic' case, the Schr\"odinger equation takes the general form:
\[
\textbf{H} \psi= (-i) \partial \psi / \partial t
\].