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 <title>Grace Hopper</title>
 <name>GraceHopper</name>
 <created>2006-11-20 14:36:39</created>
 <modified>2007-04-28 14:39:41</modified>
 <type>Biography</type>
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	<synonym concept="Grace Hopper" alias="Grace Brewster Murray"/>
	<synonym concept="Grace Hopper" alias="Grace Brewster Murray Hopper"/>
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\emph{Grace Hopper}, n\'ee {\em Grace Brewster Murray} (1906 - 1992) American mathematician, computer engineer and U. S. Navy Admiral.

After earning master's degrees in mathematics and physics from Yale, Hopper taught at Vassar  for a few years before joining the Navy, which assigned her to work on the Mark I computer. One day she extracted an insect from the machinery and helped popularize the preexisting term "bug" for computer malfunctions. Later on she worked on a compiler for COBOL.

\begin{thebibliography}{1}
\bibitem{ak} A. C. King \&amp; Tina Schalch ``Grace Brewster Murray Hopper'' in {\it Women of Mathematics: A Bibliographic Sourcebook} L. Grinstein, P. Cambpell, ed.s New York: Greenwood Press (1987): 30 - 32
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