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order of six means
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(Theorem)
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The size order of the six usual means of two positive numbers ($a$ and $b$ ) is from the least to the greatest one
- harmonic mean,
- geometric mean,
- Heronian mean,
- arithmetic mean,
- quadratic mean,
- contraharmonic mean,
i. e. $$\frac{2ab}{a\!+\!b} \;\leqq\; \sqrt{ab} \;\leqq\; \frac{a\!+\!\sqrt{ab}\!+\!b}{3} \;\leqq\; \frac{a\!+\!b}{2} \;\leqq\; \sqrt{\frac{a^2\!+\!b^2}{2}} \;\leqq\; \frac{a^2\!+\!b^2}{a\!+\!b}.$$ The equality signs are valid iff $a = b$ .
Proof. If $x^2-y^2 \geqq 0$ for nonnegative $x$ and $y$ , then $x \geqq y$ .
``$1\leqq2$ '':
$\displaystyle\left(\sqrt{ab}\right)^2-\left(\frac{a\!+\!b}{2}\right)^2 = ab\!-\!\frac{4a^2b^2}{(a\!+\!b)^2} = ab\left(1\!-\!\frac{4ab}{(a\!+\!b)^2}\right) = ab\cdot\frac{(a\!+\!b)^2-4ab}{(a\!+\!b)^2} = \frac{ab(a\!-\!b)^2}{(a+b)^2} \geqq 0$
``$2\leqq3$ '' and ``$3\leqq4$ '': proven in Heronian mean is between geometric and arithmetic mean
``$4\leqq5$ '':
$\displaystyle\left(\sqrt{\frac{a^2\!+\!b^2}{2}}\right)^2-\left(\frac{a\!+\!b}{2}\right)^2 = \frac{2a^2\!+\!2b^2\!-\!a^2\!-\!2ab\!-\!b^2}{4} = \left(\frac{a\!-\!b}{2}\right)^2 \geqq 0$
``$5\leqq6$ '':
$\displaystyle\left(\frac{a^2\!+\!b^2}{a\!+\!b}\right)^2-\left(\sqrt{\frac{a^2\!+\!b^2}{2}}\right)^2 = \frac{2(a^2\!+\!b^2)^2-(a^2\!+\!b^2)(a\!+\!b)^2}{2(a\!+\!b)^2} = \frac{(a^2\!+\!b^2)(2a^2\!+\!2b^2\!-\!a^2\!-\!2ab\!-\!b^2)}{2(a\!+\!b)^2}\\ = \frac{(a^2\!+\!b^2)(a\!-\!b)^2}{2(a\!+\!b)^2} \geqq 0$
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"order of six means" is owned by pahio.
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Cross-references: Heronian mean is between geometric and arithmetic mean, proof, iff, valid, equality, contraharmonic mean, quadratic mean, arithmetic mean, Heronian mean, geometric mean, harmonic mean, numbers, positive
This is version 1 of order of six means, born on 2009-01-22.
Object id is 11537, canonical name is OrderOfSixMeans.
Accessed 456 times total.
Classification:
| AMS MSC: | 06A05 (Order, lattices, ordered algebraic structures :: Ordered sets :: Total order) | | | 26B35 (Real functions :: Functions of several variables :: Special properties of functions of several variables, Hölder conditions, etc.) | | | 26D07 (Real functions :: Inequalities :: Inequalities involving other types of functions) |
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Pending Errata and Addenda
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