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[parent] proof of Hilbert Theorem 90 (Proof)

Remember that two cocycles $a, a^\prime\colon G\to L^*$ are called cohomologous, denoted by $a\sim a^\prime$ , if there exists $b\in L^*$ , such that $a^\prime(\tau)=ba(\tau)\tau(b^{-1})$ for all $\tau\in G$ . Then $$H^1(G,L^*)=\{a\colon G\to L^*|a\text{ is a cocycle}\}/\sim.$$ Now let $a\colon G\to L^*$ be a cocycle. Then consider the map $$\alpha\colon L\to L, c\mapsto\sum_{\tau\in G}a(\tau)\tau(c).$$ Since elements of the Galois group are linearly independent, $\alpha$ is not $0$ . So we can choose $c\in L$ , such that $b=\alpha(c)\neq 0$ . Then for $\sigma\in G$ we have

$\displaystyle \sigma(b)$ $\displaystyle =\sum_{\tau\in G}\sigma(a(\tau)\tau(c))$    
  $\displaystyle =\sum_{\tau\in G}\sigma(a(\tau))(\sigma\tau)(c)$    
  $\displaystyle =\sum_{\tau\in G}a(\sigma)^{-1}a(\sigma\tau)(\sigma\tau)(c),$    

since $a$ is a cocycle, i.e. $a(\sigma\tau)=a(\sigma)\sigma(a(\tau))$ . Then we get
$\displaystyle \sigma(b)$ $\displaystyle =a(\sigma)^{-1}\sum_{\tau\in G}a(\sigma\tau)(\sigma\tau)(c)$    
  $\displaystyle =a(\sigma)^{-1}b.$    

Thus we have that $a(\sigma)=b\sigma(b)^{-1}$ is a 1-coboundary.

Now we prove the corollary. Denote the norm by $N$ . Now if $x=\frac{y}{\sigma(y)}$ , we have $$N(x)=N\left(\frac{y}{\sigma(y)}\right)=\prod_{\tau\in G}\frac{\tau(y)}{\tau(\sigma(y))}=1.$$ Now let $N(x)=1$ , $n=|G|$ . Since $G$ is assumed cyclic, let $\sigma$ be a generator of $G$ . $G$ is isomorphic to $\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}$ . We define the map $\tilde{x}\colon \mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}\to L^*$ by $$\tilde{x}([i])=\prod_{0\leq j\leq i-1}\sigma^j(x),$$ where $[i]$ denotes the class of $i\in\mathbb{Z}$ in $\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}$ . Since $N(x)=1$ , $\tilde{x}$ is well defined. We have

$\displaystyle \tilde{x}([i+k])$ $\displaystyle =\prod_{0\leq j\leq i+k-1}\sigma^j(x)$    
  $\displaystyle =\left(\prod_{0\leq j\leq i-1}\sigma^j(x)\right)\sigma^i\left(\prod_{0\leq j\leq k-1}\sigma^j(x)\right)$    
  $\displaystyle =\tilde{x}([i])\sigma^i(\tilde{x}([j])).$    

Therefore $\tilde{x}$ is a cocycle. Because of Hilberts Theorem 90, there exists $y\in L^*$ , such that $x=\tilde{x}([1])=y\sigma(y)^{-1}$ .




"proof of Hilbert Theorem 90" is owned by mathcam. [ full author list (2) | owner history (1) ]
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Cross-references: Hilbert Theorem 90s, well defined, class, isomorphic, generator, cyclic, norm, linearly independent, Galois group, map, cocycles

This is version 5 of proof of Hilbert Theorem 90, born on 2005-05-31, modified 2007-11-28.
Object id is 7134, canonical name is ProofOfHilbertTheorem90.
Accessed 2494 times total.

Classification:
AMS MSC11R34 (Number theory :: Algebraic number theory: global fields :: Galois cohomology)
 11S25 (Number theory :: Algebraic number theory: local and $p$-adic fields :: Galois cohomology)
 11R32 (Number theory :: Algebraic number theory: global fields :: Galois theory)

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Language by dfeuer on 2007-11-28 20:18:06
I suggest deleting the word "remember" from the first sentence.
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proof of Hilbert 90: simplification possible by hdlh on 2007-11-28 12:43:09
The proof can be slightly simplified. It should stop after "Therefore we have", the reference to {\bf 1} is unnecessary and is only confusing (according to the definition of $H^1(G,L^*)$ as given in the parent entry, it has to be shown that a cocycle is of the form $g(c)c^{-1}$ for some $g$ in $G$ and some $c$ in $L^*$).
But a nice entry, nevertheless.
Henk Hollmann
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