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proof of Hilbert Theorem 90
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(Proof)
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Remember that two cocycles $a, a^\prime\colon G\to L^*$ are called cohomologous, denoted by $a\sim a^\prime$ , if there exists $b\in L^*$ , such that $a^\prime(\tau)=ba(\tau)\tau(b^{-1})$ for all $\tau\in G$ . Then $$H^1(G,L^*)=\{a\colon G\to L^*|a\text{ is a cocycle}\}/\sim.$$ Now let $a\colon G\to L^*$ be a cocycle. Then consider the map $$\alpha\colon L\to L, c\mapsto\sum_{\tau\in G}a(\tau)\tau(c).$$ Since elements of the Galois group are linearly independent, $\alpha$ is not $0$ . So we can choose $c\in L$ , such that $b=\alpha(c)\neq 0$ . Then for $\sigma\in G$ we have
since $a$ is a cocycle, i.e. $a(\sigma\tau)=a(\sigma)\sigma(a(\tau))$ . Then we get
Thus we have that $a(\sigma)=b\sigma(b)^{-1}$ is a 1-coboundary.
Now we prove the corollary. Denote the norm by $N$ . Now if $x=\frac{y}{\sigma(y)}$ , we have $$N(x)=N\left(\frac{y}{\sigma(y)}\right)=\prod_{\tau\in G}\frac{\tau(y)}{\tau(\sigma(y))}=1.$$ Now let $N(x)=1$ , $n=|G|$ . Since $G$ is assumed cyclic, let $\sigma$ be a generator of $G$ . $G$ is isomorphic to $\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}$ .
We define the map $\tilde{x}\colon \mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}\to L^*$ by $$\tilde{x}([i])=\prod_{0\leq j\leq i-1}\sigma^j(x),$$ where $[i]$ denotes the class of $i\in\mathbb{Z}$ in $\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}$ . Since $N(x)=1$ , $\tilde{x}$ is well defined. We have
Therefore $\tilde{x}$ is a cocycle. Because of Hilberts Theorem 90, there exists $y\in L^*$ , such that $x=\tilde{x}([1])=y\sigma(y)^{-1}$ .
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Cross-references: Hilbert Theorem 90s, well defined, class, isomorphic, generator, cyclic, norm, linearly independent, Galois group, map, cocycles
This is version 5 of proof of Hilbert Theorem 90, born on 2005-05-31, modified 2007-11-28.
Object id is 7134, canonical name is ProofOfHilbertTheorem90.
Accessed 2388 times total.
Classification:
| AMS MSC: | 11R34 (Number theory :: Algebraic number theory: global fields :: Galois cohomology) | | | 11S25 (Number theory :: Algebraic number theory: local and $p$-adic fields :: Galois cohomology) | | | 11R32 (Number theory :: Algebraic number theory: global fields :: Galois theory) |
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Pending Errata and Addenda
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