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[parent] ideal triangle (Definition)

In hyperbolic geometry, an ideal triangle is a set of three lines which connect three distinct points on the boundary of the model of hyperbolic geometry.

Below is an example of an ideal triangle in the Beltrami-Klein model:


\begin{pspicture}(-2,-2)(2,2) \pscircle[linestyle=dashed](0,0){2} \psline{o-o}(-... ...2) \psline{o-o}(0,2)(1.732,-1) \psline{o-o}(-1.732,-1)(1.732,-1) \end{pspicture}

Below is an example of an ideal triangle in the Poincaré disc model:


\begin{pspicture}(-2,-2)(2,2) \pscircle[linestyle=dashed](0,0){2} \psarc{o-o}(0,... ...641,2){3.4641}{300}{360} \psarc{o-o}(3.4641,2){3.4641}{180}{240} \end{pspicture}

Below are some examples of ideal triangles in the upper half plane model:


\begin{pspicture}(-2,-0.1)(4,4) \psline[linestyle=dashed]{<->}(-2,0)(4,0) \pslin... ...}(-1,0)(-1,4) \psline{o->}(3,0)(3,4) \psarc{o-o}(1,0){2}{0}{180} \end{pspicture}

\begin{pspicture}(-5,-0.1)(5,4) \psline[linestyle=dashed]{<->}(-5,0)(5,0) \psarc... ...{0}{180} \psarc{o-o}(2,0){2}{0}{180} \psarc{o-o}(0,0){4}{0}{180} \end{pspicture}

Strictly speaking, none of these figures are triangles in hyperbolic geometry; however, ideal triangles are useful for proving that, given $r \in \mathbb{R}$ with $0<r<\pi$ , there is a triangle in hyperbolic geometry whose angle sum in radians is equal to $r$ .




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See Also: limiting triangle


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Cross-references: radians, angle sum, triangles, upper half plane model, Poincaré disc model, Beltrami-Klein model, boundary, points, lines, hyperbolic geometry

This is version 2 of ideal triangle, born on 2007-05-23, modified 2007-05-30.
Object id is 9447, canonical name is IdealTriangle.
Accessed 1083 times total.

Classification:
AMS MSC51-00 (Geometry :: General reference works )
 51M10 (Geometry :: Real and complex geometry :: Hyperbolic and elliptic geometries and generalizations)

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