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[parent] free products and group actions (Theorem)
Theorem 1 (See Lang, Exercise 54 p. 81)   Suppose $G_1,\ldots G_n$ are subgroups of $G$ that generate $G$ Suppose further that $G$ acts on a set $S$ and that there are subsets $S_1,S_2,\ldots S_n\subset S$ and some $s\in S-\cup S_i$ such that for each $1\leq i\leq n$ the following holds for each $g\in G_i, g\neq e$
  • $g(S_j)\subset S_i$ if $j\neq i$ and
  • $g(s)\in S_i$
Then $G=G_1\star\ldots\star G_n$ (where $\star$ denotes the free product).

Proof: Any $g\in G$ can be written $g=g_1g_2\ldots g_k$ with $g_i\in G_{j_i}, j_i\neq j_{i+1}, g_i\neq e$ since the $G_i$ generate $G$ Thus there is a surjective homomorphism $\phi:\coprod G_i\twoheadrightarrow G$ (since $\coprod G_i$ as the coproduct, has this universal property). We must show $\ker \phi$ is trivial. Choose $g_1g_2\ldots g_k$ as above. Then $g_k(s)\in S_{j_k}$ $g_{k-1}(g_k(s))\in S_{j_{k-1}}$ and so forth, so that $g_1(g_2(\ldots(g_k(s)\ldots)\in S_{j_1}$ But $e(s)=s\notin S_{j_1}$ Thus $\phi(g_1g_2\ldots g_k) \neq e$ and $\phi$ is injective.




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Cross-references: injective, universal property, coproduct, homomorphism, surjective, proof, free product, subsets, acts on, generate, subgroups
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This is version 2 of free products and group actions, born on 2007-10-13, modified 2007-10-16.
Object id is 9994, canonical name is FreeProductsAndGroupActions.
Accessed 639 times total.

Classification:
AMS MSC20E06 (Group theory and generalizations :: Structure and classification of infinite or finite groups :: Free products, free products with amalgamation, Higman-Neumann-Neumann extensions, and generalizations)

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