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[parent] application of Cauchy--Schwarz inequality (Application)

In determining the perimetre of ellipse one encounters the elliptic integral $$\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\!\!\sqrt{1-\varepsilon^2\sin^2t}\;dt,$$ where the parametre $\varepsilon$ is the eccentricity of the ellipse ($0 \leqq \varepsilon < 1$ ). A good upper bound for the integral is obtained by utilising the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality $$\left|\int_a^bfg\right| \;\leqq\; \sqrt{\int_a^bf^2}\,\sqrt{\int_a^bg^2}$$ choosing in it $f(t) := 1$ and $g(t) := \sqrt{1-\varepsilon^2\sin^2t}$ . Then we get

$\displaystyle 0 \;<\; \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\!\!\sqrt{1-\varepsilon^2\sin^2t}\;dt$ $\displaystyle \;\leqq\; \sqrt{\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}1^2\,dt}\sqrt{\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\left(1-\varepsilon^2\sin^2t\right)\,dt}$    
  $\displaystyle \;=\;\sqrt{\frac{\pi}{2}}\sqrt{\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\left(1-\varepsilon^2\cdot\frac{1-\cos2t}{2}\right)\,dt}$    
  $\displaystyle \;=\; \frac{\pi}{2}\sqrt{1-\frac{\varepsilon^2}{2}}.$    

Thus we have the estimation $$\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\!\!\sqrt{1-\varepsilon^2\sin^2t}\;dt \;\leqq\; \frac{\pi}{2}\sqrt{1-\frac{\varepsilon^2}{2}}.$$ It is the better approximation for the perimetre of ellipse the smaller is its eccentricity, i.e. the closer the ellipse is to circle. The accuracy is $O(\varepsilon^4)$




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Cross-references: circle, approximation, integral, upper bound, ellipse, eccentricity, parametre, elliptic integral, perimetre of ellipse

This is version 2 of application of Cauchy--Schwarz inequality, born on 2009-08-14, modified 2009-08-15.
Object id is 11862, canonical name is ApplicationOfCauchySchwarzInequality.
Accessed 627 times total.

Classification:
AMS MSC26A06 (Real functions :: Functions of one variable :: One-variable calculus)
 26A42 (Real functions :: Functions of one variable :: Integrals of Riemann, Stieltjes and Lebesgue type)

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