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For the purposes of this entry, let us define complex analytic projective variety as any complex analytic variety of ${\mathbb P}^n,$ the $n$ dimensional complex projective space. Let $\sigma \colon {\mathbb C}^{n+1} \setminus \{0\} \to {\mathbb P}^n$ be the natural projection. That is, the map that takes $(z_1,\ldots,z_{n+1})$ to $[z_1:\ldots:z_{n+1}]$ in homogeneous coordinates. We define algebraic projective variety of ${\mathbb P}^n$ as a set $\sigma(V)$ where $V \subset {\mathbb C}^{n+1}$ is the common zero set of a finite family of homogeneous holomorphic polynomials. It is not hard to show that $\sigma(V)$ is a complex analytic projective variety in the above sense. Usually an algebraic projective variety is just called a projective variety partly because of the following theorem.
Theorem 1 (Chow) Every complex analytic projective variety is algebraic.
We follow the proof by Cartan, Remmert and Stein. Note that the application of the Remmert-Stein theorem is the key point in this proof.
Proof. Suppose that we have a complex analytic variety $X \in {\mathbb P}^n$ . It is not hard to show that that $\sigma^{-1}(X)$ is a complex analytic subvariety of ${\mathbb C}^{n+1} \setminus \{0\}.$ By the theorem of Remmert-Stein the set $V = \sigma^{-1}(X) \cup \{0\}$ is a subvariety of ${\mathbb C}^{n+1}.$ Furthermore $V$ is a complex cone, that is if $z = (z_1,\ldots,z_{n+1}) \in V,$ then $t z \in V$ for all $t \in {\mathbb C}.$
Final step is to show that if a complex analytic subvariety $V \subset {\mathbb C}^{n+1}$ is a complex cone, then it is given by the vanishing of finitely many homogeneous polynomials. Take a finite set of defining functions of $V$ near the origin. I.e. take $f_1,\ldots,f_k$ defined in some open ball $B =
B(0,\epsilon),$ such that in $B \cap V = \{ z \in B \mid f_1(z) = \cdots = f_k(z) = 0 \}.$ We can suppose that $\epsilon$ is small enough that the power series for $f_j$ converges in $B$ for all $j.$ Expand $f_j$ in a power series near the origin and group together homogeneous terms as $f_j =
\sum_{m=0}^\infty f_{jm}$ , where $f_{jm}$ is a homogeneous polynomial of degree $m.$ For $t \in {\mathbb C}$ we write \begin{equation*} f_j(t z) = \sum_{m=0}^\infty f_{jm}(tz) = \sum_{m=0}^\infty t^m f_{jm}(z) \end{equation*}For a fixed $z \in V$ we know that $f_{j}(t z) = 0$ for all $\lvert t \rvert < 1,$ hence we have a power series in one variable that is identically zero, and so all coefficients are zero.
Thus $f_{jm}$ vanishes on $V \cap B$ and hence on $V.$ It follows that $V$ is defined by a family of homogeneous polynomials. Since the ring of polynomials is Noetherian we need only finitely many, and we are done. 
- 1
- Hassler Whitney. Complex Analytic Varieties. Addison-Wesley, Philippines, 1972.
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"Chow's theorem" is owned by jirka.
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Cross-references: Noetherian, ring, vanishes, coefficients, variable, fixed, degree, terms, group, expand, converges, power series, open ball, origin, near, functions, finite set, homogeneous polynomials, cone, subvariety, complex analytic subvariety, point, Remmert-Stein theorem, application, proof, theorem, polynomials, holomorphic, homogeneous, finite, zero set, projective variety, algebraic, homogeneous coordinates, map, projection, projective space, complex, complex analytic variety
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This is version 6 of Chow's theorem, born on 2008-02-04, modified 2008-02-07.
Object id is 10233, canonical name is ChowsTheorem.
Accessed 2118 times total.
Classification:
| AMS MSC: | 32C25 (Several complex variables and analytic spaces :: Analytic spaces :: Analytic subsets and submanifolds) | | | 51N15 (Geometry :: Analytic and descriptive geometry :: Projective analytic geometry) | | | 14A10 (Algebraic geometry :: Foundations :: Varieties and morphisms) |
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Pending Errata and Addenda
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