hyperbolic functions
The hyperbolic functions sinh (sinus hyperbolicus) and cosh (cosinus hyperbolicus) with arbitrary complex argument x are defined as follows:
sinhx | := | ex-e-x2, | ||
coshx | := | ex+e-x2. |
One can then also also define the functions tanh (tangens hyperbolica) and coth (cotangens hyperbolica) in analogy to the definitions of tan and cot:
tanhx | := | sinhxcoshx=ex-e-xex+e-x, | ||
cothx | := | coshxsinhx=ex+e-xex-e-x. |
We further define the sech and csch:
sechx | := | 1coshx=2ex+e-x, | ||
cschx | := | 1sinhx=2ex-e-x, |
where coshx resp. sinhx is not 0.
The hyperbolic functions are named in that way because the hyperbola
x2a2-y2b2=1 |
can be written in parametrical form with the equations:
x=acosht,y=bsinht. |
This is because of the equation
cosh2x-sinh2x=1. |
There are also addition formulas which are like the ones for trigonometric functions
:
sinh(x±y) | = | sinhxcoshy±coshxsinhy | ||
cosh(x±y) | = | coshxcoshy±sinhxsinhy. |
The Taylor series for the hyperbolic functions are:
sinhx | = | ∞∑n=0x2n+1(2n+1)! | ||
coshx | = | ∞∑n=0x2n(2n)!. |
There are the following between the hyperbolic and the trigonometric functions:
sinx | = | sinh(ix)i | ||
cosx | = | cosh(ix). |
Title | hyperbolic functions |
Canonical name | HyperbolicFunctions |
Date of creation | 2013-03-22 12:38:27 |
Last modified on | 2013-03-22 12:38:27 |
Owner | mathwizard (128) |
Last modified by | mathwizard (128) |
Numerical id | 13 |
Author | mathwizard (128) |
Entry type | Definition |
Classification | msc 26A09 |
Related topic | UnitHyperbola |
Related topic | ComplexTangentAndCotangent |
Related topic | ParallelCurve |
Related topic | HyperbolicAngle |
Related topic | ExampleOfCauchyMultiplicationRule |
Related topic | DerivationOfFormulasForHyperbolicFunctionsFromDefinitionOfHyperbolicAngle |
Related topic | HeavisideFormula |
Related topic | Catenary |
Related topic | HyperbolicSineIntegral |
Related topic | InverseGudermannia |
Defines | sinh |
Defines | cosh |
Defines | tanh |
Defines | coth |
Defines | sech |
Defines | csch |
Defines | hyperbolic sine |
Defines | hyperbolic cosine |
Defines | hyperbolic tangent |
Defines | hyperbolic cotangent |
Defines | hyperbolic secant |
Defines | hyperbolic cosecant |