A prime magic square is a magic square consisting only of prime numbers (the magic constant may be a composite number, especially if the sides are of even length). The primes don’t have to be consecutive, though it is sometimes convenient to consider 1 a prime number for the purpose of constructing these squares.

The smallest prime magic square with the smallest possible magic constant (111) is

first published by Henry Ernest Dudeney in 1917.

Rudolf Ondrejka constructed this magic square using only Chen primes:

The magic constant is 177.