terms from foreign languages used in mathematics (html version)

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Following are from foreign that appear in mathematical literature. Each (TeX tabular) contains from the foreign indicated. The foreign are ordered according to how many appear in its corresponding . In each , the are listed in alphabetical .

1 Latin

abbr.		literal	mathematical usage
	a fortiori	with stronger reason	used in logic to denote an to the effect that because one ascertained fact exists; therefore another which is included in it or analogous to it and is less improbable, unusual, or surprising must also exist
	a priori	from the former	already known/assumed
	ad absurdum	to absurdity	an assumption is made in hopes of obtaining a contradiction [reductio ad absurdum is also used]
	ad infinitum	to infinity	endlessly, infinitely
	casus irreducibilis	not-reducible case	roots real but not expressible via real http://planetmath.org/Radical5radicals
cf.	confer	compare	used to suggest that another work might also be consulted in to that
et al.	et alii	and others	used in multi-author references but it is customary to include all the authors in the first citation and/or in the bibliography
e.g.	exempli gratia	for example’s sake	for example
ibid.	ibidem	in the same	relates to the immediately prior
i.e.	id est	that is	that is
inf	inferior, infimum	lowest	limit inferior; greatest lower bound
	inter alia	among other things	among other things
loc. cit.	loco citato	in the already mentioned	relates to before the immediately prior citation [probably less frequent than op. cit.]
lb	logarithmus binaris	binary logarithm	log. in base 2
lg	logarithmus generalis	general logarithm	log. in base 10
ln	logarithmus naturalis	natural logarithm	log. in base $e$
	mutatis mutandis	once changing thing to be changed	repeat the for the related case
N.B.	nota bene	note well	the following is important
op. cit.	opere citato	in the work already mentioned	relates to before the immediately prior citation [probably more frequent than loc. cit.]
QED	quod erat demonstrandum	which was to be demonstrated	end of proof
QEF	quod erat faciendum	which was to be done	end of construction
	regula falsi	rule of false position	Newton’s method
	sine qua non	without which it could not be	an essential condition or element; an indispensable thing
sup	superior, supremum	uppermost	limit superior; http://planetmath.org/LowestUpperBoundleast upper bound
viz	videlicet	that is to say, namely	a keynote abbreviation

2 German

abbr.		literal	mathematical usage
	Ansatz	approach, attempt	assumed form for an expression
	eigen	, typical	eigenvalue; eigenvector
	Grösse, Größe	size, magnitude	Grössencharacter
	Faltung	folding	convolution
	im kleinen	in the small	connected im kleinen
	Nullstellensatz	zero point	zero point
	Stufe	stair,	stufe of a field
	Urelement	primeval element	set element which is not a set
$V$, $K_4$	Vierergruppe	four-group	Klein 4-group
$\mathbb{Z}$	Zahlen	numbers	integers
$Z$	Zentrum	http://planetmath.org/GroupCentrecenter	http://planetmath.org/GroupCentrecenter (of a group)

3 French

abbr.		literal	mathematical usage
	espace	space	(topological) space [see Espace Étalé]
	étale	slack	étale fundamental group; http://planetmath.org/Etaleétale morphism; étale site
	étalé	spread out, displayed	http://planetmath.org/EtaleSpace3Étalé space
p.p.	presque partout	almost everywhere	http://planetmath.org/AlmostSurelyalmost everywhere

4 Russian

abbr.		literal	mathematical usage
$\partial$	italic ‘‘д’’ [may be pronounced ‘‘doh’’]	letter ‘‘d’’	e.g. in $\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}$ [see partial derivative]

Title	terms from foreign languages used in mathematics (html version)
Canonical name	TermsFromForeignLanguagesUsedInMathematicshtmlVersion
Date of creation	2013-03-22 16:00:07
Last modified on	2013-03-22 16:00:07
Owner	Wkbj79 (1863)
Last modified by	Wkbj79 (1863)
Numerical id	53
Author	Wkbj79 (1863)
Entry type	Topic
Classification	msc 00A99
Classification	msc 00A20
Related topic	TermsFromForeignLanguagesUsedInMathematicsPageImagesVersion
Related topic	MathematicsVocabulary
Related topic	ApplicationOfCauchyCriterionForConvergence
Defines	a fortiori
Defines	a priori
Defines	ad absurdum
Defines	ad infinitum
Defines	Ansatz
Defines	cf.
Defines	confer
Defines	doh
Defines	eigen
Defines	espace
Defines	et al.
Defines	et alii
Defines	étale
Defines	étalé
Defines	e.g.
Defines	exempli gratia
Defines	ibid.
Defines	ibidem
Defines	i.e.
Defines	id est
Defines	inter alia
Defines	logarithmus binaris
Defines	binary logarithm
Defines	logarithmus generalis
Defines	gen