traveling hump sequence
In this entry, ⌊⋅⌋ denotes the floor function and m denotes Lebesgue measure.
For every positive integer n, let An=[n-2⌊log2n⌋2⌊log2n⌋,n-2⌊log2n⌋+12⌊log2n⌋]. Then every An is a subset of [0,1] (click here (http://planetmath.org/RegardingTheSetsA_nFromTheTravelingHumpSequence) to see a proof) and is Lebesgue measurable (clear from the fact that each of them is closed (http://planetmath.org/Closed)).
For every positive integer n, define fn:[0,1]→ℝ by fn=χAn, where χS denotes the characteristic function of the set S. The sequence {fn} is called the traveling hump sequence. This colorful name arises from the sequence of the graphs of these functions: A “hump” seems to travel from [0,12k] to [2k-12k,1], then shrinks by half and starts from the very left again.
The traveling hump sequence is an important sequence for at least two reasons. It provides a counterexample for the following two statements:
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•
Convergence in measure
implies convergence almost everywhere with respect to m.
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•
L1(m) convergence (http://planetmath.org/L1muConvergence) implies convergence almost everywhere with respect to m.
Note that {fn} is a sequence of measurable functions that does not converge pointwise (http://planetmath.org/PointwiseConvergence). For every x∈[0,1], there exist infinitely many positive integers a such that fa(x)=0, and there exist infinitely many positive integers b such that fb(x)=1.
On the other hand, {fn} converges in measure to 0 and converges in L1(m) (http://planetmath.org/ConvergesInL1mu) to 0.
Title | traveling hump sequence |
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Canonical name | TravelingHumpSequence |
Date of creation | 2013-03-22 16:14:08 |
Last modified on | 2013-03-22 16:14:08 |
Owner | Wkbj79 (1863) |
Last modified by | Wkbj79 (1863) |
Numerical id | 14 |
Author | Wkbj79 (1863) |
Entry type | Definition |
Classification | msc 28A20 |
Related topic | ModesOfConvergenceOfSequencesOfMeasurableFunctions |