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absorbing set (Definition)

Let $ V$ be a vector space over a field $ F$ equipped with a non-discrete valuation $ \vert{\cdot}\vert :F\to\mathbb{R}$. Let $ A,B$ be two subsets of $ V$. Then $ A$ is said to absorb $ B$ if there is a non-negative real number $ r$ such that, for all $ \lambda\in F$ with $ \vert{\lambda}\vert \geq r$, $ B\subseteq\lambda A$. $ A$ is said to be an absorbing set, or a radial subset of $ V$ if $ A$ absorbs all finite subsets of $ V$.

Equivalently, $ A$ is absorbing if for any $ x\in V$, there is a non-negative real number $ r$ such that $ x\in\lambda A$ for all $ \lambda\in F$ with $ \vert{\lambda}\vert \geq r$. If a finite subset $ B$ of $ V$ consists of $ x_1,\ldots,x_n$, then corresponding to each $ x_i$, there is an $ r_i\geq 0$ such that $ x_i\in\lambda A$ such that $ \vert\lambda\mid\geq r_i$, $ \forall\lambda\in F$. So $ x_i\in\lambda A$ with $ \vert{\lambda}\vert \geq r$ if we take $ r=\max\lbrace r_1,\ldots,r_n\rbrace$. So $ A$ absorbs $ B$.

Example. If $ V=\mathbb{R}^n$ and $ F=\mathbb{R}$, then any set containing an open ball centered at 0 is absorbing. This implies that an absorbing set does not have to be connected, convex.

A closely related concept is that of a circled set, or a balanced set. Let $ V$ and $ F$ be defined as above. A subset $ C$ of $ V$ is said to be circled, or balanced, if $ \lambda C\subseteq C$ for all $ \vert{\lambda}\vert \leq 1$. Clearly, $ C$ absorbs itself ( $ C\subseteq\lambda^{-1}C$, $ \vert{\lambda^{-1}}\vert \geq 1$), and $ 0\in C$. $ C$ is also symmetric ($ -C=C$), for $ -C\subseteq C$ and $ C=-(-C)\subseteq -C$. As an example of a circled set that is neither absorbing nor convex, consider $ V=\mathbb{R}^2$ and $ F=\mathbb{R}$, and $ C$ the union of $ x$ and $ y$ axes. For an example of an absorbing set that is not circled, take the union of a unit disk and an annulus centered at 0 that is large enough so it is disjoint from the disk.



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See Also: balanced set, absorbing element

Also defines:  absorbing, absorb, radial
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Cross-references: disjoint, annulus, unit disk, union, balanced set, circled, convex, connected, implies, open ball, finite, real number, subsets, valuation, field, vector space
There are 13 references to this entry.

This is version 7 of absorbing set, born on 2005-08-02, modified 2007-01-26.
Object id is 7287, canonical name is AbsorbingSet.
Accessed 3962 times total.

Classification:
AMS MSC15A03 (Linear and multilinear algebra; matrix theory :: Vector spaces, linear dependence, rank)
 46A08 (Functional analysis :: Topological linear spaces and related structures :: Barrelled spaces, bornological spaces)

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