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balanced set (Definition)

Definition [1,2,3,4] Let $ V$ be a vector space over $ \mathbb{R}$ (or $ \mathbb{C}$), and let $ S$ be a subset of $ V$. If $ \lambda S\subset S$ for all scalars $ \lambda$ such that $ \vert\lambda\vert\le 1$, then $ S$ is a balanced set in $ V$. The balanced hull of $ S$, denoted by $ \operatorname{eq}(S)$, is the smallest balanced set containing $ S$.

In the above, $ \lambda S = \{ \lambda s\mid s\in S\}$, and $ \vert\cdot\vert$ is the absolute value (in $ \mathbb{R}$), or the modulus of a complex number (in $ \mathbb{C}$).

Examples and properties

  1. Let $ V$ be a normed space with norm $ \vert\vert\cdot\vert\vert$. Then the unit ball $ \{v\in V\mid \vert\vert v\vert\vert\le 1\}$ is a balanced set.
  2. Any vector subspace is a balanced set. Thus, in $ \mathbb{R}^3$, lines and planes passing through the origin are balanced sets.

Notes

A balanced set is also sometimes called circled [3]. The term balanced evelope is also used for the balanced hull [2]. Bourbaki uses the term équilibré [2], c.f. $ \operatorname{eq}(A)$ above. In [5], a balanced set is defined as above, but with the condition $ \vert\lambda\vert=1$ instead of $ \vert\lambda\vert\le 1$.

Bibliography

1
W. Rudin, Functional Analysis, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1973.
2
R.E. Edwards, Functional Analysis: Theory and Applications, Dover Publications, 1995.
3
J. Horváth, Topological Vector Spaces and Distributions, Addison-Wsley Publishing Company, 1966.
4
R. Cristescu, Topological vector spaces, Noordhoff International Publishing, 1977.
5
M. Reed, B. Simon, Methods of Modern Mathematical Physics: Functional Analysis I, Revised and enlarged edition, Academic Press, 1980.



"balanced set" is owned by matte. [ full author list (2) ]
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See Also: absorbing set

Also defines:  balanced subset, balanced hull, balanced evelope, circled, équilibré
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Cross-references: Bourbaki, origin, passing through, planes, lines, vector subspace, unit ball, norm, normed space, modulus of a complex number, absolute value, scalars, subset, vector space
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This is version 2 of balanced set, born on 2005-10-28, modified 2005-10-29.
Object id is 7453, canonical name is BalancedSet.
Accessed 4523 times total.

Classification:
AMS MSC46-00 (Functional analysis :: General reference works )

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