A Stone space is a topological space that is zero-dimensional, $T_{0}$ and compact.
Equivalently, a Stone space is a compact Hausdorff space that is totally disconnected.

The significance of Stone spaces stems from Stone duality: a pervasive equivalence between the algebraic notions and theorems of Boolean algebras on one hand, and the topological notions and theorems of Stone spaces on the other. This equivalence comprises the content and consequences of M. H. Stone's representation theorem.

There is a bijective correspondence between the following

1. The class consisting of all Boolean spaces
2. The class consisting of all Boolean algebras
3. The class consisting of all Boolean rings
4. The class consisting of all prime spectra of von Neumann regular rings

In fact, viewing each class as a category equipped with the appropriate class of morphisms, the categories are naturally equivalent between one another.

More to come: partial proofs, constructions, categorical equivalence between the first three items due to Stone's Representation Theorem and references $\dots$ .

Bibliography

1

Paul R. Halmos, Lectures on Boolean Algebras, D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., 1963.

2

Peter T. Johnstone, Stone Spaces, Cambridge University Press, 1982.