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[parent] evaluation of beta function using Laplace transform (Derivation)

The beta integral can be evaluated elegantly using the convolution theorem for Laplace transforms.

Start with the following Laplace transform:

$\displaystyle s^{-\alpha} = {\cal L} \left[ {t^{\alpha - 1} \over \Gamma(\alpha)} \right] = \int_0^\infty e^{-st} {t^{\alpha - 1} \over \Gamma(\alpha)} dt $

Since $ s^{-q} s^{-p} = s^{-q - p}$, the convolution theorem imples that

$\displaystyle {t^{q - 1} \over \Gamma(q)} * {t^{p - 1} \over \Gamma(p)} = {t^{q + p - 1} \over \Gamma(q + p)} $

Writing out the definition of convolution, this becomes

$\displaystyle \int_0^t {(t-s)^{q - 1} \over \Gamma(q)} {s^{p - 1} \over \Gamma(p)} ds = {t^{q + p - 1} \over \Gamma(p + q)} $

Setting $ t=1$ and simplifying, we conclude that

$\displaystyle \int_0^1 x^{p - 1} (1-x)^{q - 1} \,dx= {\Gamma(p) \Gamma(q) \over \Gamma(p + q)} $
QED



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Cross-references: convolution, Laplace transforms, integral

This is version 7 of evaluation of beta function using Laplace transform, born on 2004-09-22, modified 2007-04-14.
Object id is 6206, canonical name is EvalutaionOfBetaFunctionUsingLaplaceTransform.
Accessed 3645 times total.

Classification:
AMS MSC33B15 (Special functions :: Elementary classical functions :: Gamma, beta and polygamma functions)

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