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Hausdorff's maximum principle (Theorem)

Theorem Let $ X$ be a partially ordered set. Then there exists a maximal totally ordered subset of $ X$.

The Hausdorff's maximum principle is one of the many theorems equivalent to the axiom of choice. The below proof uses Zorn's lemma, which is also equivalent to the axiom of choice.

Proof. Let $ S$ be the set of all totally ordered subsets of $ X$. $ S$ is not empty, since the empty set is an element of $ S$. Partial order $ S$ by inclusion. Let $ \tau$ be a chain (of elements) in $ S$. Being each totally ordered, the union of all these elements of $ \tau$ is again a totally ordered subset of $ X$, and hence an element of $ S$, as is easily verified. This shows that $ S$, ordered by inclusion, is inductive. The result now follows from Zorn's lemma. $ \qedsymbol$



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See Also: Zorn's lemma, axiom of choice, Zermelo's well-ordering theorem, Zorn's lemma and the well-ordering theorem equivalence of Hausdorff's maximum principle, every vector space has a basis, maximality principle

Other names:  maximum principle, Hausdorff maximality theorem
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Cross-references: union, chain, inclusion, partial order, empty set, Zorn's lemma, equivalent, subset, totally ordered, partially ordered set
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This is version 9 of Hausdorff's maximum principle, born on 2002-09-29, modified 2008-03-25.
Object id is 3491, canonical name is HaudorffsMaximumPrinciple.
Accessed 6254 times total.

Classification:
AMS MSC03E25 (Mathematical logic and foundations :: Set theory :: Axiom of choice and related propositions)

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