category

A category $\mathcal{C}$ consists of the following data:

1. a class $\operatorname{ob}(\mathcal{C})$ of objects (of $\mathcal{C}$ )
2. for each ordered pair $(A,B)$ of objects of $\mathcal{C}$ , a collection (we will assume it is a set) $\hom(A,B)$ of morphisms from the domain $A$ to the codomain $B$
3. a function $\circ:\hom(A,B)\times\hom(B,C)\to\hom(A,C)$ called composition.

We normally denote $\circ(f,g)$ by $g \circ f$ for morphisms $f,g$ . The above data must satisfy the following axioms: for objects $A,B,C,D$ ,

A1: $\hom(A,B) \cap \hom(C,D)=\emptyset$ whenever $(A,B)\neq (C,D)$ , i.e. the intersection is non-trivial only when $A=C$ and $B=D$ .

A2: (Associativity) if $f \in \hom(A,B)$ , $g\in\hom(B,C)$ and $h\in\hom(C,D)$ , $h\circ (g\circ f)=(h\circ g)\circ f$

A3: (Existence of an identity morphism) for each object $A$ there exists an identity morphism $ {}id_{A}\in\hom(A,A)$ such that for every $f\in\hom(A,B)$ , $f\circ id_{A}=f$ and $ {}id_{A}\circ g=g$ for every $g \in \hom(B,A)$ .

Some examples of categories:

• 0 is the empty category with no objects or morphisms, 1 is the category with one object and one (identity) morphism.
• If we assume we have a universe $U$ which contains all sets encountered in ``everyday'' mathematics, Set is the category of all such small sets with morphisms being set functions
• Top is the category of all small topological spaces with morphisms continuous functions
• Grp is the category of all small groups whose morphisms are group homomorphisms

Remark. If $\hom(A,B)$ in the second condition above is not required to be a set (but a class), we usually call $\mathcal{C}$ a large category.