Kathleen Ollerenshaw née Kathleen Timpson (1912 - ) British mathematician and politician, best known in mathematics for her work on magic squares.

Born in Manchester with limited hearing, Timpson was completely deaf by the time she applied to Oxford University. After earning a doctorate in mathematics, she married the military doctor Robert Ollerenshaw and took his name. Her political career began in Rusholme, and by the 1980s, she was a trusted advisor to British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher.

Ollerenshaw has Erdős number 5 by way of Hermann Bondi, Ivor Robinson, Peter Gabriel Bergmann and Ernst Straus.