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multinomial theorem (Theorem)

A multinomial is a mathematical expression consisting of two or more terms, e.g.

$\displaystyle a_1 x_1 + a_2 x_2 + \ldots + a_k x_k.$
The multinomial theorem provides the general form of the expansion of the powers of this expression, in the process specifying the multinomial coefficients which are found in that expansion. The expansion is:
$\displaystyle (x_1 + x_2 + \ldots + x_k)^n = \sum \frac{n!}{n_1! n_2! \dotsb n_k!} x_1^{n_1} x_2^{n_2} \cdots x_k^{n_k}$ (1)

where the sum is taken over all multi-indices $ (n_1, \ldots n_k)\in\mathbb{N}^k$ that sum to $ n$.

The expression $ \frac{n!}{n_1! n_2! \cdots n_k!}$ occurring in the expansion is called multinomial coefficient and is denoted by

$\displaystyle \binom{n}{n_1, n_2, \dotsc, n_k}.$    



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See Also: binomial formula, binomial coefficient, generalizations of the Leibniz rule, n'th derivative of a determinant

Also defines:  multinomial, multinomial coefficient
Keywords:  multinomial

Attachments:
multinomial theorem (proof) (Proof) by Koro
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Cross-references: multi-indices, sum, powers, expression
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This is version 9 of multinomial theorem, born on 2002-12-07, modified 2005-01-02.
Object id is 3683, canonical name is MultinomialTheorem.
Accessed 14816 times total.

Classification:
AMS MSC05A10 (Combinatorics :: Enumerative combinatorics :: Factorials, binomial coefficients, combinatorial functions)

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