Olga Arsenievna Oleinik (1925 - 2001) Soviet mathematician, best known for her work on partial differential equations.

She studied with Ivan Petrovsky at a university in Moscow, later she taught there.

A prolific author, Oleinik has Erdős number 3: With Vladimir Ilin and others, she co-authored a biographical sketch of Andrey Tikhonov in honor of his 80th birthday, while Ilin co-authored with István Joó a paper giving “A uniform estimate of eigenfunctions and an upper estimate of the number of eigenvalues of the Sturm-Liouville operator” in a Soviet journal. Joó co-authored with Erdős “Some remarks on infinite series” in a Hungarian journal.