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[parent] $p$ test (Corollary)

The following is an immediate corollary of the integral test.

Corollary 1 ($ p$-Test)   A series of the form $ \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{n^p}$ converges if $ p>1$ and diverges if $ p\leq 1$.
Proof. The case $ p=1$ is well-known, for $ \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{n}$ is the harmonic series, which diverges (see this proof). From now on, we assume $ p\neq 1$ (notice that one could also use the integral test to prove the case $ p=1$). In order to apply the integral test, we need to calculate the following improper integral:
$\displaystyle \int_1^\infty \frac{1}{x^p} dx=\lim_{n\to \infty}\left[ \frac{x^{1-p}}{1-p} \right]_1^n= \lim_{n\to\infty}\frac{n^{-p+1}}{1-p}-\frac{1}{1-p}.$
Since $ \lim_{n\to\infty}n^t$ diverges when $ t>0$ and converges for $ t \leq 0$, the integral above converges for $ 1-p < 0$, i.e. for $ p>1$ and diverges for $ p<1$ (and also diverges for $ p=1$). Therefore, the corollary follows by the integral test. $ \qedsymbol$



"$p$ test" is owned by alozano.
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See Also: examples using comparison test without limit, a series related to harmonic series

Other names:  p-test, $p$-test, p test, p series test, $p$-series test, $p$ series test

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Cross-references: integral, improper integral, calculate, order, harmonic series, diverges, converges, series, integral test
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This is version 3 of $p$ test, born on 2005-03-21, modified 2008-04-01.
Object id is 6894, canonical name is PTest.
Accessed 5784 times total.

Classification:
AMS MSC40A05 (Sequences, series, summability :: Convergence and divergence of infinite limiting processes :: Convergence and divergence of series and sequences)

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