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Poincaré duality
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(Theorem)
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If $M$ is a compact, oriented, $n$ dimensional manifold, then there is a canonical (though non-natural) isomorphism $$D:H^q(M,\Z)\to H_{n-q}(M,\Z)$$ (where $H^k(M,\Z)$ is the $k$ homology group of $M$ with integer coefficients and $H_k(M,\Z)$ the $k$ cohomology group) for all $q$ which is given by cap product with a generator of $H_n(M,\Z)$ (a choice of a generator here corresponds to an orientation). This isomorphism exists with coefficients in $\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}$ regardless of orientation.
This isomorphism gives a nice interpretation to cup product. If $X,Y$ are transverse submanifolds of $M$ then $X\cap Y$ is also a submanifold. All of these submanifolds represent homology classes of
$M$ in the appropriate dimensions, and $$D^{-1}([X])\cup D^{-1}([Y])=D^{-1}([X\cap Y]),$$ where $\cup$ is cup product, and $\cap$ in intersection, not cap product.
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"Poincaré duality" is owned by mathcam. [ full author list (3) | owner history (1) ]
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Cross-references: intersection, dimensions, classes, homology, represent, submanifolds, transverse, cup product, interpretation, orientation, generator, cap product, group, coefficients, integer, homology group, isomorphism, canonical, manifold, oriented, compact
There are 2 references to this entry.
This is version 7 of Poincaré duality, born on 2002-12-04, modified 2004-11-30.
Object id is 3652, canonical name is PoincareDuality.
Accessed 4785 times total.
Classification:
| AMS MSC: | 55M05 (Algebraic topology :: Classical topics :: Duality) |
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Pending Errata and Addenda
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