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[parent] proof of Cayley's theorem (Proof)

Let $G$ be a group, and let $S_G$ be the permutation group of the underlying set $G$ For each $g\in G$ define $\rho_g : G\rightarrow G$ by $\rho_g (h) = gh$ Then $\rho_g$ is invertible with inverse $\rho_{g^{-1}}$ and so is a permutation of the set $G$

Define $\Phi :G\rightarrow S_G$ by $\Phi (g) = \rho_g$ Then $\Phi$ is a homomorphism, since $$(\Phi (gh))(x) = \rho_{gh}(x) = ghx = \rho_g(hx) = (\rho_g\circ\rho_h)(x) = ((\Phi (g))(\Phi (h)))(x)$$

And $\Phi$ is injective, since if $\Phi (g) = \Phi (h)$ then $\rho_g = \rho_h$ so $gx = hx$ for all $x\in X$ and so $g=h$ as required.

So $\Phi$ is an embedding of $G$ into its own permutation group. If $G$ is finite of order $n$ then simply numbering the elements of $G$ gives an embedding from $G$ to $S_n$




"proof of Cayley's theorem" is owned by Evandar.
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Cross-references: order, finite, injective, homomorphism, permutation, inverse, invertible, permutation group, group

This is version 2 of proof of Cayley's theorem, born on 2002-03-03, modified 2003-05-29.
Object id is 2751, canonical name is ProofOfCayleysTheorem.
Accessed 5737 times total.

Classification:
AMS MSC20B99 (Group theory and generalizations :: Permutation groups :: Miscellaneous)

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