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A random Fibonacci sequence has its initial terms defined as
 but the sign (plus or minus) in recurrence relation
 is chosen randomly with either sign having an equal probability of being chosen. For example, if the random selection gives two minuses followed by three plusses, another minus, etc., the resulting random Fibonacci sequence is 1, 1, 0,  ,  ,  ,  ,  , etc. The scenarios that either plus or minus is always consistently chosen leads to the
standard Fibonacci sequence, though in the latter case with all values (except the first two) multiplied by  .
In 2000, Divakar Viswanath proved that for most random Fibonacci sequences (with a few notable exceptions),
 , where  is the absolute value function,
 is the floor function and  is the constant 1.13198824... now known as Viswanath's constant. This does not hold true for the standard Fibonacci sequence nor for random Fibonacci sequences for which all  (such as 1, 1, 0, 1,  , 0,  , 1, 0, 1,  , generated by consistently alternating plus and minus at each turn), but for almost all other possible random Fibonacci sequences, “you can safely bet your life on the fact that for your sequence, the bigger  is, the closer the absolute value of the  th number gets to the  th power of 1.13198824...” (Devlin, 1999) In terms of limits,
- 1
- Keith Devlin, ``Devlin's Angle: New Mathematical Constant Discovered'' March 1999 MAA Online
- 2
- Divakar Viswanath ``Random Fibonacci sequences and the number 1.13198824....'' Mathematics of Computation 69 231 (2000): 1131 - 1155
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![$\displaystyle \lim_{n \to \infty} \sqrt[n]{\vert F_n\vert} = V.$](http://images.planetmath.org:8080/cache/objects/10715/l2h/img20.png "$\displaystyle \lim_{n \to \infty} \sqrt[n]{\vert F_n\vert} = V.$"){kind=small}