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terms from foreign languages used in mathematics (html version)
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Following are terms from foreign languages that appear in mathematical literature. Each chart (TeX object tabular) contains terms from the foreign language indicated. The foreign languages are ordered according to how many terms appear in its corresponding chart. In each chart, the terms are listed in alphabetical order.
| abbr. |
term |
literal translation |
mathematical usage |
| |
a fortiori |
with stronger reason |
used in logic to denote an argument to the effect that because one ascertained fact exists; therefore another which is included in it or analogous to it and is less improbable, unusual, or surprising must also exist |
| |
a priori |
from the former |
already known/assumed |
| |
ad absurdum |
to absurdity |
an assumption is made in hopes of obtaining a contradiction [reductio ad absurdum is also used] |
| |
ad infinitum |
to infinity |
endlessly, infinitely |
| |
casus irreducibilis |
not-reducible case |
roots real but not expressible via real radicals |
| cf. |
confer |
compare |
used to suggest that another work might also be consulted in relation to that argument |
| et al. |
et alii |
and others |
used in multi-author references but it is customary to include all the authors in the first citation and/or in the bibliography |
| e.g. |
exempli gratia |
for example's sake |
for example |
| ibid. |
ibidem |
in the same place |
relates to the immediately prior source |
| i.e. |
id est |
that is |
that is |
| inf |
inferior, infimum |
lowest |
limit inferior; greatest lower bound |
| |
inter alia |
among other things |
among other things |
| loc. cit. |
loco citato |
in the place already mentioned |
relates to sources before the immediately prior citation [probably less frequent than op. cit.] |
| lb |
logarithmus binaris |
binary logarithm |
log. in base 2 |
| lg |
logarithmus generalis |
general logarithm |
log. in base 10 |
| ln |
logarithmus naturalis |
natural logarithm |
log. in base $e$ |
| |
mutatis mutandis |
once changing thing to be changed |
repeat the similar argument for the related case |
| N.B. |
nota bene |
note well |
the following is important |
| op. cit. |
opere citato |
in the work already mentioned |
relates to sources before the immediately prior citation [probably more frequent than loc. cit.] |
| QED |
quod erat demonstrandum |
which was to be demonstrated |
end of proof |
| QEF |
quod erat faciendum |
which was to be done |
end of construction |
| |
regula falsi |
rule of false position |
Newton's method |
| |
sine qua non |
without which it could not be |
an essential condition or element; an indispensable thing |
| sup |
superior, supremum |
uppermost |
limit superior; least upper bound |
| viz |
videlicet |
that is to say, namely |
a keynote abbreviation |
| abbr. |
term |
literal translation |
mathematical usage |
| $\partial$ |
italic ``'' [may be pronounced ``doh''] |
letter ``d'' |
e.g. in $\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}$ [see partial derivative] |
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See Also: terms from foreign languages used in mathematics (page images version), mathematics vocabulary, application of Cauchy criterion for convergence
| Also defines: |
a fortiori, a priori, ad absurdum, ad infinitum, Ansatz, cf., confer, doh, eigen, espace, et al., et alii, étale, étalé, e.g., exempli gratia, ibid., ibidem, i.e., id est, inter alia, logarithmus binaris, binary logarithm, logarithmus generalis, general logarithm, logarithmus naturalis, natural logarithm, loc. cit., loco citato, mutatis mutandis, N.B., NB, nota bene, op. cit., opere citato, p.p., presque partout, sine qua non, stufe, urelement, ur-element, viz, videlicet, Zahlen, Zentrum |
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Cross-references: partial derivative, almost everywhere, étale site, étale fundamental group, slack, Espace Étalé, integers, numbers, Klein 4-group, stufe of a field, Nullstellensatz, connected im kleinen, Im, convolution, grössencharacter, size, eigenvector, eigenvalue, expression, limit superior, supremum, Newton's method, QEF, proof, QED, ln, lg, base, log, greatest lower bound, limit inferior, infimum, references, expressible, real, roots, casus irreducibilis, infinity, reductio ad absurdum, contradiction, logic, stronger, literal, contains, HTML
There are 122 references to this entry.
This is version 50 of terms from foreign languages used in mathematics (html version), born on 2006-06-13, modified 2008-09-23.
Object id is 8029, canonical name is TermsFromForeignLanguagesUsedInMathematics.
Accessed 45829 times total.
Classification:
| AMS MSC: | 00A99 (General :: General and miscellaneous specific topics :: Miscellaneous topics) | | | 00A20 (General :: General and miscellaneous specific topics :: Dictionaries and other general reference works) |
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Pending Errata and Addenda
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