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using Minkowski’s constant to find a class number
We will use the theorem of Minkowski (see the parent entry).
Theorem (Minkowski’s Theorem).
Let be a number field and let be its discriminant. Let be the degree of over , where and are the number of real and complex embeddings, respectively. The class group of is denoted by . In any ideal class , there exists an ideal such that:
where denotes the absolute norm of and
Example 1.
The discriminants of the quadratic fields and are and respectively. For all three and . Therefore, the Minkowski’s constants are:
so in the three cases:
Now, suppose that is an arbitrary class in . By the theorem, there exists an ideal , representative of , such that:
and therefore . Since the only ideal of norm one is the trivial ideal , which is principal, the class is also the trivial class in . Hence there is only one class in the class group, and the class number is one for the three fields and .
Example 2.
Let . The discriminant is and the Minkowski’s bound reads:
Suppose that is an arbitrary class in . By the theorem, there exists an ideal , representative of , such that:
and therefore or . However,
so the ideal is split in and the prime ideals
are the only ones of norm . Since they are principal, the class is the trivial class, and the class group is trivial. Hence, the class number of is one.
Mathematics Subject Classification
11H06 Lattices and convex bodies11R29 Class numbers, class groups, discriminants
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