# analytic geometry

Analytic geometry is the of geometry that uses mathematical analysis and calculations for investigating geometric problems. Many such problems can be put into the form of equations, and, by analyzing these equations, one may obtain solutions which can be interpreted geometrically.

The fundamental idea behind analytic geometry is that the position of any point on a plane can be given by an ordered pair of real numbers and any point in space by an ordered triple of real numbers; for this purpose, one has to have a coordinate system which determines the values of the numbers which serve as the coordinates of the points. One of the coordinate system often used in mathematics and physics is the Cartesian system which employs three orthogonal axes. The correspondence of the points on a plane and the ordered pairs (and similarly the points in space and the ordered triples) is a bijection. A locus condition for a line or a curve on the plane as well as for a line, a curve, or a surface in space may then be expressed as an equation or a system of equations.

For example, if we want to study the line which passes through the points corresponding to the ordered pairs (http://planetmath.org/CartesianProduct)  $(5,\,0)$  and  $(0,\,8)$,  one can infer that all points  $(x,\,y)$  of this line satisfy the equation

 $\frac{x}{5}+\frac{y}{8}=1.$

The Cartesian coordinate system was introduced and applied by the French mathematician and philosopher René Descartes in 1637 in his work Géométrie. Thus, Descartes is considered to be the founder of analytic geometry.

 Title analytic geometry Canonical name AnalyticGeometry Date of creation 2013-03-22 17:36:23 Last modified on 2013-03-22 17:36:23 Owner pahio (2872) Last modified by pahio (2872) Numerical id 13 Author pahio (2872) Entry type Topic Classification msc 51N20 Classification msc 01A45 Related topic CartesianCoordinates Related topic EuclideanGeometryOfThePlane Related topic EuclideanGeometryOfTheSpace Related topic LineInThePlane Related topic LineInSpace Related topic EquationOfPlane Related topic Ellipse Related topic Hyperbola Related topic Parabola Related topic QuadraticSurfaces Related topic CissoidOfDiocles Related topic GeneratricesOfOneSheetedHyperboloid Related topic ConicSection