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every -automaton is equivalent to an automaton
In this entry, we show that an automaton with -transitions is no more power than one without. Having -transitions is purely a matter of convenience.
Proposition 1.
Every -automaton is equivalent to an automaton.
For the proof, we use the following setup (see the parent entry for more detail):
-
is an -automaton, and is the automaton associated with ,
-
is the homomorphism that erases (it takes to the empty word, also denoted by ). From the parent entry, .
Proof.
Define a function , as follows: for each pair , let
In other words, is the set of all states reachable from by words of the form . As usual, we extend so its domain is . By abuse of notation, we use again for this extension. First, we set . Then we inductively define . Using induction,
So for any non-empty word , we have the following equation:
| (1) |
In other words, if , then is the set of all states reachable from by words of the form
| (2) |
Now, define to be the automaton . Then, from equation (1) above, a word
is accepted by iff some word of the form (2) is accepted by iff is accepted by , proving the proposition. ∎
Remark. Another approach is to use the concept of -closure. The proof is very similar to the one given above, and the resulting equivalent automaton is a DFA.
Mathematics Subject Classification
03D05 Automata and formal grammars in connection with logical questions68Q45 Formal languages and automata
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