stochastic differential equation
Consider the ordinary differential equation, for
example, the population growth model
where is the relative rate of growth at time , and is the solution-trajectory of the system.
But we may want to take into account, in our model, the randomness or the uncertainty of our knowledge of the data. In this case we may introduce the data as:
where is a noise term, represented by a random variable
with some postulated probability distribution.
In general, stochastic differential equations
can be posed in the case that the infinitesimal increment
is a Gaussian random variable. (Other types of random variables are
also possible, but require extensions of the basic theory.)
A stochastic differential equation (SDE) is an equation
of the form:
where lives in some probability space, and
is a Wiener process
on that probability space.
The real-valued functions and are to satisfy certain measurability requirements, and are usually assumed to be known, with the process being sought.
The argument is usually suppressed in the notation:
(1) |
with the understanding that , , and denote random variables for each time .
The interpretation of
the stochastic differential equation (1) is that
a process satisfies it if and only if it satisfies
this relation
amongst integrals:
(2) |
for all times and . The last integral is an Itô integral.
In many cases, the coefficients and depend on itself:
In this case, equation (2) does not give an explicit solution for the stochastic differential equation. Nevertheless, there are theorems analogous to those of ordinary differential equations, that guarantee existence of solutions given certain bounds on the growth of the coefficients and .
In simpler cases, stochastic differential equations that
involve unknowns on the right-hand side may still be solved
explicitly using changes of variables (often called Itô’s formula
in this context).
For example,
(for any initial condition ) provides a solution to:
References
- 1 Bernt Øksendal. , An Introduction with Applications. 5th ed. Springer 1998.
- 2 Lawrence Evans. . Department of Mathematics, U.C. Berkeley.
Title | stochastic differential equation |
---|---|
Canonical name | StochasticDifferentialEquation |
Date of creation | 2013-03-22 16:10:07 |
Last modified on | 2013-03-22 16:10:07 |
Owner | stevecheng (10074) |
Last modified by | stevecheng (10074) |
Numerical id | 13 |
Author | stevecheng (10074) |
Entry type | Definition |
Classification | msc 60H10 |
Classification | msc 34-00 |
Synonym | SDE |
Related topic | ItoIntegral |
Related topic | WienerProcess |
Related topic | BrownianMotion |