Kleene algebra
A Kleene algebra (A,⋅,+,*,0,1) is an idempotent semiring (A,⋅,+,0,1) with an additional (right-associative) unary operator *, called the Kleene star, which satisfies
1+aa*≤a*,ac+b≤c⇒a*b≤c,1+a*a≤a*,ca+b≤c⇒ba*≤c, |
for all a,b,c∈A.
For a given alphabet Σ, the set of all languages over Σ, as well as the set of all regular languages over Σ, are examples of Kleene algebras. Similarly, sets of regular expressions
(regular sets) over Σ are a form (or close variant) of a Kleene algebra: let A be the set of all regular sets over a set Σ of alphabets. Then A is a Kleene algebra if we identify ∅ as 0, the singleton containing the empty string λ as 1, concatenation
operation
as ⋅, the union operation as +, and the Kleene star operation as *. For example, let a be a set of regular expression, then
a*={λ}∪a∪a2∪⋯∪an∪⋯, |
so that
aa*=a∪a2∪⋯∪an∪⋯. |
Adding 1 on both sides and we have
1+aa*={λ}∪aa*={λ}∪a∪a2∪⋯∪an∪⋯=a*. |
The other conditions are checked similarly.
Remark. There is another notion of a Kleene algebra, which arises from lattices. For more detail, see here (http://planetmath.org/KleeneAlgebra2).
Title | Kleene algebra |
Canonical name | KleeneAlgebra |
Date of creation | 2013-03-22 12:27:51 |
Last modified on | 2013-03-22 12:27:51 |
Owner | CWoo (3771) |
Last modified by | CWoo (3771) |
Numerical id | 10 |
Author | CWoo (3771) |
Entry type | Definition |
Classification | msc 20M35 |
Classification | msc 68Q70 |
Related topic | KleeneStar |
Related topic | Semiring![]() |
Related topic | RegularExpression |
Related topic | RegularLanguage |
Related topic | KleeneAlgebra2 |