hexacode
The hexacode is a 3-dimensional linear code of length (http://planetmath.org/LinearCode) 6, defined over the field , all of whose codewords have weight 0, 4, or 6. It is uniquely determined by these properties, up to monomial linear transformations (http://planetmath.org/MonomialMatrix) and in . The hexacode is crucial to the construction of the extended binary Golay code via Curtisβ Miracle Octad Generator. The exposition below follows ([1], Chapter 11). Another for the hexacode is ([2], Chapter 4).
1 Construction of the hexacode
There are several constructions of the hexacode, all leading to the same result. In the following, we write the elements of as where is a cube root of unity. We write elements of the hexacode as elements of , separated into three of two.
1. The span of the elements
2. The elements of of the form
where and .
An element of the hexacode is called a hexacodeword.
2 Justification of a hexacodeword
It is not difficult to show that all of the above constructions give the same 3-dimensional linear code of 6. However, it is somewhat tedious to use one of above constructions to determine whether a given element of is in the hexacode. Instead, it is possible to show that an element of is a hexacodeword if and only if it satisfies the shape and sign rules below. Using these rules, one can (with some practice) quickly distinguish hexacodewords from non-hexacodewords.
The shape rule says that, up to permutations of the three blocks and flips of the elements within a block, every hexacodeword has one of the shapes
where are in some .
The sign rule says that in every hexacodeword, either:
-
β’
all 3 blocks have sign 0, or
- β’
The sign of a block is determined as follows:
-
β’
+ for or where
-
β’
- for or where
-
β’
0 for or
where .
For example,
-
β’
and are not hexacodewords because they fail the shape rule.
-
β’
satisfies the shape rule, and the signs are +β+β+, so it is a hexacodeword.
-
β’
satisfies the shape rule, and the signs are +β-β+, so it is not a hexacodeword.
-
β’
satisfies the shape rule, and the signs are 0β0β0, so it is a hexacodeword.
-
β’
satisfies the shape rule, and the signs are -β-β+, so it is a hexacodeword.
3 Completion of a partial hexacodeword
The hexacode has the property that the following two problems always have a unique solution.
1. (3-problem) Given values in any 3 of the 6 positions, complete it to a full hexacodeword.
2. (5-problem) Given values in any 5 of the 6 positions, complete it to a full hexacodeword after possibly changing one of the given values.
Conway says that the best method for solving these is to simply βguess the correct answer, then justify itβ (using the shape and sign rules), though he also does give systematic algorithms for solving them.
Examples of 3-problems:
Examples of 5-problems:
References
- 1 J. H. Conway and N. J. A. Sloane. Sphere Packings, Lattices, and Groups. Springer-Verlag, 1999.
- 2 Robert L. Griess, Jr. Twelve Sporadic Groups. Springer-Verlag, 1998.
Title | hexacode |
---|---|
Canonical name | Hexacode |
Date of creation | 2013-03-22 18:43:08 |
Last modified on | 2013-03-22 18:43:08 |
Owner | monster (22721) |
Last modified by | monster (22721) |
Numerical id | 15 |
Author | monster (22721) |
Entry type | Definition |
Classification | msc 94B05 |
Related topic | MiracleOctadGenerator |
Related topic | BinaryGolayCode |