proof of general Stokes theorem
We divide the proof in several steps.
Suppose and
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(i.e. the term is missing).
Hence we have
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and from the definition of integral on a manifold we get
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From the fundamental theorem of Calculus we get
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Since and hence have compact support in we obtain
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On the other hand we notice that
is to be understood as where
is the inclusion map.
Hence it is trivial to verify that when then
while if it holds
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and hence, as wanted
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Suppose now that and let be any differential form.
We can always write
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and by the additivity of the integral we can reduce ourself to the previous case.
When we could follow the proof as in the first case
and end up with
while, in fact, .
Consider now the general case.
First of all we consider an oriented atlas such that either
is the cube
or .
This is always possible. In fact given any open set in and a point up to translations and rescaling it is possible
to find a “cubic” neighbourhood of contained in .
From the properties of the integral on manifolds we have
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The second integral in the last equality is zero since
, while applying the previous steps to the first integral we have
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On the other hand, being
an oriented atlas for and being a partition of unity, we have
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and the theorem is proved.