# terms from foreign languages used in mathematics (html version)

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Following are from foreign that appear in mathematical literature. Each (TeX tabular) contains from the foreign indicated. The foreign are ordered according to how many appear in its corresponding . In each , the are listed in alphabetical .

## 1 Latin

 abbr. literal mathematical usage a fortiori with stronger reason used in logic to denote an to the effect that because one ascertained fact exists; therefore another which is included in it or analogous to it and is less improbable, unusual, or surprising must also exist a priori from the former already known/assumed ad absurdum to absurdity an assumption is made in hopes of obtaining a contradiction [reductio ad absurdum is also used] ad infinitum to infinity endlessly, infinitely casus irreducibilis not-reducible case roots real but not expressible via real http://planetmath.org/Radical5radicals cf. confer compare used to suggest that another work might also be consulted in to that et al. et alii and others used in multi-author references but it is customary to include all the authors in the first citation and/or in the bibliography e.g. exempli gratia for example’s sake for example ibid. ibidem in the same relates to the immediately prior i.e. id est that is that is inf inferior, lowest limit inferior; greatest lower bound inter alia among other things among other things loc. cit. loco citato in the already mentioned relates to before the immediately prior citation [probably less frequent than op. cit.] lb logarithmus binaris binary logarithm log. in base 2 lg logarithmus generalis general logarithm log. in base 10 ln logarithmus naturalis natural logarithm log. in base $e$ mutatis mutandis once changing thing to be changed repeat the for the related case N.B. nota bene note well the following is important op. cit. opere citato in the work already mentioned relates to before the immediately prior citation [probably more frequent than loc. cit.] QED quod erat demonstrandum which was to be demonstrated end of proof QEF quod erat faciendum which was to be done end of construction regula falsi rule of false position Newton’s method sine qua non without which it could not be an essential condition or element; an indispensable thing sup superior, supremum uppermost limit superior; http://planetmath.org/LowestUpperBoundleast upper bound viz videlicet that is to say, namely a keynote abbreviation

## 2 German

 abbr. literal mathematical usage Ansatz approach, attempt assumed form for an expression eigen , typical eigenvalue; eigenvector Grösse, Größe size, magnitude Grössencharacter Faltung folding convolution im kleinen in the small connected im kleinen Nullstellensatz zero point zero point Stufe stair, stufe of a field Urelement primeval element set element which is not a set $V$, $K_{4}$ Vierergruppe four-group Klein 4-group $\mathbb{Z}$ Zahlen numbers integers $Z$ Zentrum http://planetmath.org/GroupCentrecenter http://planetmath.org/GroupCentrecenter (of a group)

## 3 French

abbr. literal mathematical usage
espace space (topological) space [see Espace Étalé]
étale slack étale fundamental group; http://planetmath.org/Etaleétale morphism; étale site
étalé spread out, displayed http://planetmath.org/EtaleSpace3Étalé space
p.p. presque partout almost everywhere http://planetmath.org/AlmostSurelyalmost everywhere

## 4 Russian

abbr. literal mathematical usage
$\partial$ italic ‘‘д’’ [may be pronounced ‘‘doh’’] letter ‘‘d’’ e.g. in $\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}$ [see partial derivative]
 Title terms from foreign languages used in mathematics (html version) Canonical name TermsFromForeignLanguagesUsedInMathematicshtmlVersion Date of creation 2013-03-22 16:00:07 Last modified on 2013-03-22 16:00:07 Owner Wkbj79 (1863) Last modified by Wkbj79 (1863) Numerical id 53 Author Wkbj79 (1863) Entry type Topic Classification msc 00A99 Classification msc 00A20 Related topic TermsFromForeignLanguagesUsedInMathematicsPageImagesVersion Related topic MathematicsVocabulary Related topic ApplicationOfCauchyCriterionForConvergence Defines a fortiori Defines a priori Defines ad absurdum Defines ad infinitum Defines Ansatz Defines cf. Defines confer Defines doh Defines eigen Defines espace Defines et al. Defines et alii Defines étale Defines étalé Defines e.g. Defines exempli gratia Defines ibid. Defines ibidem Defines i.e. Defines id est Defines inter alia Defines logarithmus binaris Defines binary logarithm Defines logarithmus generalis Defines gen