Hamilton equations
The Hamilton equations are a formulation of the equations of motion in classical mechanics.
Local formulation
Suppose is an open set, suppose is an interval (representing time), and is a smooth function. Then the equations
(1) | ||||
(2) |
are the Hamilton equations for the curve
Such a solution is called a bicharacteristic, and is called a Hamiltonian function. Here we use classical notation; the ’s represent the location of the particles, the ’s represent the momenta of the particles.
Global formulation
Suppose is a symplectic manifold with symplectic form and that is a smooth function. Then , the Hamiltonian vector field corresponding to is determined by
The most common case is when is the cotangent bundle of a manifold equipped with the canonical symplectic form , where is the Poincaré -form (http://planetmath.org/Poincare1Form). (Note that other authors may have different sign convention.) Then Hamilton’s equations are the equations for the flow of the vector field . Given a system of coordinates on the manifold , they can be written as follows:
The relation with the former definition is that in canonical local coordinates for , the flow of is determined by equations (1)-(2).
Also, the following terminology is frequently encountered — the manifold is known as the phase space, the manifold is known as the configuration space, and the product is known as state space.
Title | Hamilton equations |
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Canonical name | HamiltonEquations |
Date of creation | 2013-03-22 14:45:58 |
Last modified on | 2013-03-22 14:45:58 |
Owner | CWoo (3771) |
Last modified by | CWoo (3771) |
Numerical id | 9 |
Author | CWoo (3771) |
Entry type | Definition |
Classification | msc 53D05 |
Classification | msc 70H05 |
Related topic | Quantization |